For use as a catalyst in an asymmetric aldol cyclization, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 7, 363 (1990). For use in a direct enantioselective crossed aldol reaction with aldehydes, see: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 6798 (2002). For use as an organoctalyst in direct aldol reactions of ɑ-oxyaldehydes, as the first step in a two-step synthesis of carbohydrates, see: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43, 2152 (2004). Mediates the enantioselective borane reduction of ketones to chiral alcohols with moderate to good ee: Monatsh. Chem., 131, 91 (2000). Also used to induce high ee in the ɑ-amination of aldehydes with Dibenzyl- azodicarboxyl-ate: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 5656 (2002), or Diethyl- azodicarboxyl-ate: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41, 1790 (2002). For a review of the use of proline as a chiral catalyst, see: Synlett, 1675 (2001); Synlett, 1973 (2006).For preparation from L-proline of the chiral hydrazone "SAMP", and enantioselective syntheses using the RAMP/ SAMP methodology, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 8, 26, 403 (1985). For formation of a fused pyrrolidino-oxazolidinone, and use of the product in a synthesis of enantiopure ɑ-branched amino acids, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 9, 626 (1998).The Li salt has been used as a catalyst for the Michael addition of dimethyl malonate to ɑ?-unsaturated aldehydes: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1088 (1991).
