Effective catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation, for example of ethyl cyanoacetate with 2-butanone: Org. Synth. Coll., 4, 93 (1963), and of malononitrile with various substrates, where stronger bases would cause self-condensation of the nitrile: J. Org. Chem., 38, 1512 (1973); Synthesis, 669 (1974).
